Phonology(1)

(1)語音:
A speech sound or gesture considered a physical event without regard to its place in the phonology of a language.
在人類語言連鎖活動的過程中，最具體而可以直接觀察的部分是語音。語音可以聽得見，而且也可以記錄下來。從最具體的層次看，語音是聲波，聲波是空氣分子(particle)振動所導致的氣壓變化，是物理的現象。
(2)語音資料庫:
(3)語言分類:
(4)音韻學經典著作:
(4.1)Solé, Maria-Josep. Beddor Patrice, Speeter. Ohala, Manjari (2007) Experimental Approaches To Phonology.
(4.2)Aikin, W. A. (2001) The Voice: An Introduction to Practical Phonology.
(4.3)Archangeli, D., & Langedoen, D. T. (1997). Optimality Theory : An Overview.
(4.4) Broe, M. B., Pierrehumbert, J. B., & Pierrehumbert, J. (2000). Papers in Laboratory Phonology V: Language Acquisition and the Lexicon.
(4.5)Dekkers, J., Leeuw, F. van der, & Weijer, J. van de. (2001). Optimality Theory : Phonology, Syntax and Acquisition.
(4.6)Durand, J., Laks, B., & Levitt, M. (2002). Phonetics, Phonology, and Cognition.
(4.7)Fox, A. (2000). Prosodic Features and Prosodic Structure : The Phonology of Suprasegmentals.
(4.8)Goldsmith, J. A. (1999). Phonological Theory : The Essential Readings.
(4.9)Gussmann, E. (2002). Phonology : Analysis and Theory. (4.10)Kager, R. (1999). Optimality Theory.
(5)音韻學家(學派):
(5.1)音韻學家，如:Saussure, Ferdinand de (1857-1913) ; Edward Sapir ; Leonard Bloomfield (American Structuralist Phonology).
(5.2)音韻學派，如:Historical Phonology; Evolutionary Phonology; American Structuralist Phonology ; London School: Prosodic Phonology (1946,1757) ; Dependency Phonology (1950s,1986,1987).
(6)音韻系統實證:
(7)應用音韻學:
(8)語音處理器官: